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Shantih, Shantih, Shantih – The Peace That Passeth All Understanding

Thomas Stearns Eliot received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1948 for his outstanding contribution to the world of contemporary poetry. One of his pioneering works is The Wasteland. For Eliot, the desert represents the part of human life where men have no faith to guide them, where men have lost their spiritual light, and the theme points to this problem.

The poem, divided into five parts, is fragmented, has no logical continuity and sequence of time, and is a reflection of the emotional turmoil and conflict that occurred in human life at the beginning of the 20th century (which is no different today). Eliot felt that European civilization had become mechanical, careless and impersonal. Corruption, squalor and greed were rampant. In this divided and broken world, nothing can be united.

Although the poem is kaleidoscopic, it is held together only in the prophetic vision of Tiresias, the blind witness of ancient Greek tragedies, and what Tiresias sees is the theme of the entire poem. Psychologically speaking, he is a personality trait. As a symbol of the past that still exists to this day, old Tiresias, “with her wrinkled female bosom” condoned all that is being done in the evil part of the modern world.

He crosses the barrier of time and space with a quick light to embrace with his empty eyes, what is happening now – the pictures of “the ruins of the fallen London bridge”, “the taxi crash and wait”, describing the life of a gay and shy artist in the century of the twentieth, as well as the past – Dante’s inferno, the love game of Cleopatra, Elizabeth, and brings out in our minds the magnitude of the sin committed by the fictional king of Oedipus of Thebes – drought-and. – the highest sin – in his violation of his mother Jocasta’s sexuality, and the need to purify the sinner’s soul through suffering.

In The Wasteland, the images and symbols fall mainly into two categories: images taken from things that resemble urban life but are exaggerated (the image of a shaking taxi), and symbols from mythology, nature and religion – these anchor the theme of death and rebirth. So drought symbolizes spiritual dryness, and rain symbolizes spiritual fertility. However, some objects can show two different views depending on their functions. Therefore, water is, on the one hand, a symbol of nature – of life and growth, purification and transformation, in the form of a river or lake and, on the other hand, it also destroys life and property. Similarly, fire as a destroyer, is a symbol of passion that forces a person to the state of “living death”; but fire, like the sacred flame of the altar, is also a symbol of inspiration, enlightenment and spiritual upliftment. Eliot always plays with abstract images.

In the midst of post-war Europe, its spiritual barrenness is represented by the symbol of the stony and barren land. The idea of ​​stability, of life coming to an end, is given by the symbol “chess game”. The idea of ​​life as meaningless, static and moving in a narrow circle is conveyed by the image “we live in a rat street where dead people have thrown their bones”. This idea is reinforced by images of squalor and filth, as for example, the river produces oil and tar and carries a dirty load of empty bottles, cigarette butts, silk handkerchiefs and other evidence of summer parties and sex between them. city-nymphs and their favorite opportunities.

The themes of sterility, decay and death are interwoven with the search for life and resurrection that Eliot found in the myth of the Holy Grail and other anthropological myths, with a sprinkling of religious metaphors from Christianity, Buddhism and Hinduism, and freedom from this condition and freedom is provided by the image of the boat. it floats smoothly under the hand of the expert, God, who brings to balance all the changes that man has made in the foolish belief of his own greatness, and thus, pride.

The Wasteland is Eliot’s spiritual history, his search through the modern culture of modern culture to have the same points of integration as you would have with Pilgrim’s Progress (From this world to the next, by John Bunyan). Eliot’s vision moves back and forth in a constant movement between myth, belief and symbol. And finally, the traveler, who now seems to be alone, walks away. The grass “sings” and when the wet wind comes it brings rain”, symbolizing revival, resurrection. and Dominion” – “Shantih, Shantih, Shantih”, a peace that surpasses all imagination.

Eliot forces the problem of the desert on us because we, whether we know it or not, are citizens of the “empty city” and we must find our Grail – the dish that Jesus used at the Last Supper and how one of his own. followers say that he received his blood at the crucifixion.

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